all right so the next panel that we have will discuss the right reasons and right ways to approach strategics so the speakers on this panel are from Genentech J J Medtronic and Novartis and they all focus on finding opportunities and partners that will bring new technologies to their companies so they all do various types of deals investment licensing Acquisitions and each of the speakers is going to talk a little bit more in depth about the types of Deals they do and the particular spaces they're interested in but before we kick it over to the panelists I wanted to introduce you to our moderator Diego can you wave I had the opportunity to work with Diego Ray when he was a visiting partner at YC but prior to working with us at YC Diego Ray was the CTO and co-founder of the clinical Diagnostics company Jean weave which was acquired by Roche currently Diego is the co-founder and CSO at endpoint Health a Precision Immunology company endpoint help help went through YC in the winter 2019 batch okay everyone welcome Diego Jennifer Rachel Ahmet and Stacy all right thanks cat so great to see everybody really exciting to be at a YC bio event like this it's the first one of its kind uh and I'm hoping many more in person especially so well we have a really great panel here today uh we're going to be talking about partnering with uh larger larger biotech larger Pharma companies larger Med device companies and Diagnostics companies and uh you know if you think back kind of uh the importance of partnering for companies like ours for those of you in the audience uh you know they uh you know I think we're all a big fan of one of the original founder-led biotechs Genentech and you know it really allowed them to arrive to at some escape velocity was their deal with Lily for example uh and so they you know if you look back at other examples of uh what's really helped companies like ours in the earliest stages get underway uh doing deals partnering with with a well-established companies is certainly part of that so we're to talk a little bit about that today so we'll start off with some some intros for folks on the panel so if if each each member in the panel maybe we'll go down the line here could introduce themselves uh the specific sector that they're in the type of company because we have folks here across various sectors in life sciences and along the way if you could Define what the asset is when you're thinking of partnering because we have therapeutic assets Diagnostics Med devices software tools maybe so from your point of view so later when we go through some of the questions folks can keep that in in minus perspective of where you're coming from and finally as you introduce yourselves if you want to give a shout out any notable deals that you might be uh excited or proud about that you can you can mention as well I have to remember all that so hi I'm Jen Leeds I'm heading search and evaluation uh on for Novartis on the west coast and in Canada and I support translational medicine in uh in our group which is the early clinical Development Group as well as oncology so my Geographic role is across all therapeutic areas that we're interested in all modalities and then I also have a special interest in oncology and translational medicine um I've been with the company 20 years 16 of those in the Infectious Disease area and heading antibacterial Discovery so this is kind of a new area for me as well what was the second part of the your favorite deal oh but I didn't tell you what our areas of Interest are okay so um four key areas of interest um and our our CEO of us has recently uh updated all of this so oncology Immunology neuroscience and cardiovascular are kind of the the key top priorities for Novartis at this point I'm in nyber which is the or nibber depending on how you say it which is the Discovery through early Development Division of Novartis and so our remit is a little bit broader than that we cover a lot of other disease areas because we're sort of 20 years you know from uh from launch kind of of thinking um and we cover all all modalities so actually the the deal that I am most I think most proud of um was an out licensing that I that I did to a new code that we launched with Atlas which just ipo'd so um third harmonic bio so I was very excited that to see that go and that was an asset that we had in-house which was out of strategy for us and so I was able to out partner that so I also do a lot of out licensing of off strategy assets from from the neighbor organization that aren't going to be fully developed by Novartis thank you perfect Rachel Rachel Ray um not the famous chef I am a senior director of Business Development within Medtronic I really support the surgical Innovations business it's about a six billion dollar business Legacy covidian so I've been with covidia Medtronic for about 11 years our Focus areas are more on the surgery side of course with the name surgical Innovations across all approach all approaches so open lab robotic we partner quite closely with our operating unit the surgical robotics operating unit as well so look at Key Specialties within those areas bariatric colorectal general surgery thoracic GYN as well so very excited to be here today my most notable deal I would say is probably when I was really just getting my my teeth into business development I was put on a carve out deal so carve out from a public company we we actually acquired Smith and nephews Gynecology business back in 2016 so that was the first time I really led a deal and it was a great opportunity for me to to really dig in but it also started our view towards specialty Focus areas where covidium was much more product and Tool focused and Medtronic is is much more specialty procedural Focus as well so it started that whole Viewpoint and starting going that direction so the the business has been great the team has been great and um it was it was very exciting and I still helped support our Gynecology business as well thank you Stacy hi everyone Stacy Feld I'm Regional head of Johnson and Johnson Innovation for West North America Australia New Zealand Johnson and Johnson operates across three main business units Pharmaceuticals med tech and for the next few months or so consumer health as you may be aware we announced at the end of last year that we will be separating and spinning out the consumer health business to be an independent company um Johnson and Johnson Innovation is a global platform that focuses really on the breadth of ways to engage with external Partners really looking across company formation seed and late stage financing early partnering late Park partnering we'll talk a little bit more as we get into the dialogue we operate across four regions as I said I lead our West North America region and the idea is to get to the table early with the likes of all of you entrepreneurs startups academic researchers to build relationships early on and to help shape those relationships toward accelerating Health Care Solutions to Market I'm going to highlight a deal that my team signed last year with a company that was a member of our J Labs incubator in San Diego they have a platform technology in the antiviral drug conjugate space and we partnered with them last year to leverage that technology to develop Next Generation Um influenza therapies and I highlight it because I think it's a really important example of that long-term relationship building getting to know a company years literally years before a partnership comes together building that trust building that relationship helping to shape the direction of in this case a platform in some cases it's an asset and enabling the right timing to come together for a partnership like that thanks Summit hello everyone um good good to be here so uh I lead business development for Genentech I joined Genentech as an intern in 2005 still feels like yesterday it's been 17 years since then and over those 17 years I have probably spent time in almost every organization or function at Genentech eight years ago I decided to take on a role in Business Development Group and uh currently oversee the group and our team is responsible for end-to-end business development so that includes identifying the companies screening them across the entire world and then executing the Partnerships whichever opportunities might be of interest to us our interests are on the therapeutic sites are focused on immunology and infectious diseases oncology Neuroscience of talmology and rare diseases and we're also interested in technology platforms that can help accelerate or augment or drug Discovery and development efforts and we have a significant Focus now on personalized Healthcare and digital which quite a few companies these over here would fall into that category a deal that I would like to highlight that I'm really proud of is historically Genentech has always been about follow the science and do whatever it takes to advance medicine for patients so about a couple of years ago we decided we really wanted to do something a lot more in Neuroscience it is one of the hardest area to really crack and requires a diversity of approaches so we decided to bring all the genetic scientists and clinicians who work in neuroscience at Raj which is the parent company of Genentech that ended up acquiring it all the leading academics and clinicians and scientists at UCSF University of California Berkeley and University of Washington all under one umbrella to really do science Without Borders and this is our biggest Academy commitment and the work on some of the deepest and and the and the most challenging problems in Neuroscience developing animal models figuring out what is the best win the best modalities to be able to apply so of people like Jennifer doudna mikarape Steve Hauser these big names are all a part of part of this group so really proud that we were able to do something like that awesome all right thank you everybody so we'll go through a few questions and you know feel free to chime in we don't not everybody has to answer as we as we go on uh and the first question I think is uh you know start at the beginning is so uh you mentioned uh Stacy mentioned uh uh getting access to companies like the folks here in the audience as early as possible what when when is the right time uh in terms of company stage or stage of product development how early do you want me to start sorry yeah sure so yeah I guess with my earlier comments as a backdrop that we do look to build relationships early as well as the fact that we have a breadth of offerings from incubation to strategic Investments to partnership we don't think about the right time we think about when's the right time for the partner and then what's the right tool if you will or what's the right path to really build that relationship and those paths whether it's a partnership or an investment or some combination of the two may not be mutually exclusive so it's really more about when is the right time to engage with a large company I mean we're all sitting here representing really large companies and for early stage companies um you know the proverbial two gals in a in a garage that's a huge undertaking to even just go through the diligence process with the likes of the the companies that are up here so it's that part of the reason why we start early is to build toward that relationship when you know we're putting pen to paper developing a business case going through you know our governance process which takes a bit longer than the decision making on the smaller company side so it sounded like uh it was almost as opposed to thinking about it in terms of just kicking off a formal process that there was some relationship building at the beginning is that true for everybody yeah I mean one of the reasons that I'm sitting here today and the way I why I like to do as much Outreach as I can on at least in the region that I'm responsible for is for exactly that reason it's to start early so um I always encourage people to just contact me or you know mingle it at events or come with any questions or or show me you know the cool technology that you have because we can we can help guide you in what it would be that our scientists would be looking for when they're you know evaluating an opportunity um we can help you understand and demystify the partnering process and the types of of uh deals and deal structures that we have we can help you understand whether the direction or let's say the indication that you might be thinking about at the beginning could be a really good way to exemplify a technology and you don't necessarily have to match it exactly to our indication interests because you know we can usually see whether there's a value to transferring that to you know to a different project or problem so you know a lot of times people go on the websites and try to see oh they're into this so I'm going to try to you know fit my round peg in this Square Hall even though all the data that I've generated is over here I'd rather see the data that you've generated over here because we can figure out whether that's going to be translatable so yeah focus on what you know best talk to us early and it's really a scientific dialogue I mean it's it's that's that's the the origin and the and the end game of all of this just to add on to that with if you start a little bit earlier in the process you can also assess culture fit so whether it's acquisition or whether it's a partnership you want to make sure that you you feel that bond with whatever company is that you're talking to so part of that is is how you relationship build at the beginning and making sure that both both the target whether it's the company acquiring or the company partnering with or the startup that you all are both aligned to the same goals and the same objectives so I would say similar to to the rest of the folks on the panel the earlier you start it could give you a little bit more Direction too on who your potential partner is longer term great yeah and so one of the uh we heard it actually as a highlight of the in the conversation earlier in the fireside chat that you know speed is of the essence for for for us small companies you want to move as quickly as we can and and working with with large companies is painfully slow right uh and so the uh maybe it'd be great to hear from uh from folks uh on the panel here what is what are the right ways to speed things up and maybe just as helpful what are the wrong ways to attempt to speed things up uh in any any specific examples uh would would be great to hear from can I start there okay so first of all I just wanna clarify that although you know there is a governance process that that we have to move through and sometimes those committees meet monthly and you know a lot a lot of the timelines are are really around that um it's just scheduling we actually find that we're not the ones holding up the process um often the the companies are either working with outside counsel that slows things down or they have advisors or board members that are you know kind of having to be constantly um part of part of the process so I I actually am in my experience we are frequently waiting on the other party um which is fine we have plenty of things to do it's not it's not like we're sitting around waiting for it but it's it's just I don't think it's actually true that it's necessarily slow on the on the big Pharma side I mean we're very clear about how long it's going to take based on the governance after that we're engaged you know all the time um two of the I think the mistakes that I see one is having a very um rigid partnering model uh and kind of coming in very hard and and saying this is it this is the kind of partnership that we want and we're not going to be very flexible whether it's because of your board or or you know a model that you've picked um that can slow things down because we're actually quite flexible but we're looking for the best the best model for the individual um process the other thing that slows down uh is having to use external either Consultants or attorneys or uh you know people that that you don't have at your fingertips all day long so that can slow things down and I I not frequently but more than occasionally see companies that leave too much of the discussion up to their attorneys rather than owning you know that conversation and having the attorneys work for them so I would just be be mindful of that you know it's your deal you're driving it they work for you and and make sure that they're not taking advantage of my husband's an attorney so I can say this without getting in trouble but yeah that that often slows things down and and kind of breaks things apart where it's unnecessary maybe I'll add just a couple of things one is just knowing what you're looking for right in that uh interaction that you're having or the conversation um just hoping something is going to happen is usually kind of you know when you find out that uh I'm not getting to a particular outcome so if you're looking only for specific guidance right or attraction whether we're working on the right problem we just want to be on your radar I mean that conversation can happen fast if you're coming to specific a partnership discussion where you want to have a partnership you also want to have a truth-seeking conversation with the big Pharma which is hey what do you think really is the right deal model because every opportunity is going to lead to a specific deal and as as you know it was just mentioned which is if you have a very rigid mindset in terms of what deal you're looking for and if the big Pharma or the company doesn't think that's the right deal those conversations are really not going to go anywhere so to keep driving for the clarity and specificity and and and that feedback uh from whoever your counterpart is at the big company in terms of what's possible here what's not possible and then just go with that maybe I'll add a few um comments on this point so we are set up as I mentioned regionally in hot bed Innovation markets with teams that represent our therapeutic areas on the pharmaceutical side um they virtually mirror um Jennifer's comments oncology Immunology we do have an infectious disease and vaccines group cardiovascular metabolism retinol and Neuroscience and then we have scientists on our team that are focused on Innovative platforms and new therapeutic modalities and so those scientists are here in the region together with our business leads that either are making strategic Investments or Partnerships and so I think having the first touch point and maybe the second and third and fourth really focus on the science and where the unmet need is where the transformational opportunity is and continue to build those counterpart relationships so finding your scientific Champion finding your business champion and then following those relationships through that getting to know you phase the diligence phase the the deal discussion phase in whatever Direction the deal discussions go that's how that's how we work and you know we try to be really transparent about those relationships because the scientific leads that are here in our region then report up through their respective therapeutic areas within yanson thus having the clarity of the Strategic priorities and the ultimate decision making in governance I'm going to throw out one don't which might be controversial but I think at uh at some point inevitably in the process um someone thinks it's a good idea to reach out to our CEO to try to shake things up a bit and you know if you have it if you have a relationship with Joaquin super but it doesn't tend to speed things up going all the way up to the top because it then kind of trickles all the way down and it goes back to you know where the accountabilities and responsibilities are and I understand you know the the notion of you know wanting to get to um you know the the highest person at the pyramid but it doesn't always have the intended outcome ingredients I know thanks something came out of from a comments though it seemed a little bit counter-intuitive it may be great to to elaborate on which was uh the you know uh being flexible but knowing what you want um and so I'm wondering if we could elaborate on that a little bit more and I think that might be especially interesting for companies that have an enabling technology that could be used in any in a number of ways and going back to a comment about um you know you guys know best what what you need um we might have a lot of really great ideas but it sounds like the best approach is to show the science the capabilities and then see how the conversation evolves but uh but there's some little vagueness to that so it would be great to to maybe comment on on that topic yeah happy to expand upon that so let I'll just take a specific example right with two different extremes just to make the point which is let's say you are working on an interesting platform you have some generated interesting data and you're thinking oh maybe I want to get acquired or somebody should acquire the technology but someone like us is taking a look at it and say this this is interesting this is a nice experiment it's good signal generating but I think we should work on a pilot here or some feasibility study which could take six months or 12 months we're going to give you some clinical data maybe you can utilize your platform and see okay you can identify the patients who respond or not and then we'll talk about whether there's a partnership in place or not usually those conversations go about a little bit rounded way and you feel like you've spent three or four months getting to that particular outcome I would say having those direct conversations with the scientists initially when you're building those relationships and saying okay how are you seeing it what are the opportunities you see with it what are the gaps you see by that and and what's your perspective what's your plans are and then trying to reach that alignment very clear very clearly and very early on in terms of what's possible with respect to a potential partnership right and then which could be as I said a very very early on feasibility study or it could be as good as okay we want to really utilize this technology for some specific applications within our drug Discovery and development efforts could go a long way in terms of how smooth the process feels yeah another example that I'll give is um you know we we often hear well we want a cocoa deal you know we want to do a co-development co-commercialization from a company with like four people yes just leaving their postdocs and and it's the kind of thing where the technology is going to advance pretty quickly you know it's it's something that we if it's going to work it's going to work in the next you know two to three years are you really going to build a commercial organization and do you understand that when that happens that it often comes at the expense of research um I dear dear uh does your board you know think that that's the way it should go and if they do why right so is there a reason why they and and a lot of times you hear well we want to you know build value in the company we want to bring value to company but you really have to think hard about is it is it realistic at this point or is is it better that you learn um about the development and commercialization of something that your technology can enable by being in a partnership and then maybe you know a couple years down the line that becomes uh your your deal structure preference but so it I think you just have to also think about how much can you really bite off and are you really willing to build the capabilities to do that can you attract the right talent to do that given the stage that you're at and and you know the experience that you have so that's just another example all right thank you so uh do do your teams ever proactively go out and look for opportunities um as opposed to the the inbounds and if so um uh what's that process like and are there other things what are the things that we can do to increase the chances of being seen along those lines I'm happy to start um so we're all here today we're all here to see you to meet with you um to network with you uh I think most of us go to different events like this as well throughout the year different types of conferences whether it's specialty focused conferences or big congresses as well so we do go out and Outreach to to you all and and certainly take inbound calls as well we have teams within our within our organization but also see things at conferences or hear about things out in the field and want to learn a little bit more so we do proactive research and Outreach to you all to to learn more and see what stage you are at and if there's an opportunity to to learn more to partner to continue conversations down the road whether it's six months um and and see how you all progress along along your journey so we're we're there learning about the different Industries learning about where the The Innovation is coming from and um excited to be here today again to to see all of you and learn more about what you have um generating in your in your brains and and talk to you uh later today as well yeah um a few things that I could highlight that we do also is almost on a regular basis we're meeting with all the Venture funds out there and looking at the portfolio companies that they have so it's a very systematic review based on the areas of Interest so my team will kind of you know work in the background so almost every two weeks I'm meeting with one particular Venture fund out there and looking at the companies they have in their portfolio so that's another way for a lot of those companies to um essentially give either a one pager or or sometimes they even plan for like a 10 minute pitch as a part of those events we also keep a database for all the new companies that are getting started so they do make it to our list and then sometimes we might reach out to them when we feel like okay this is an interesting area that we want to get to know more uh JP Morgan uh event which happens in San Francisco is another great way for either us to reach out or for companies to reach out to us yeah maybe I'll um build upon what's been said because clearly uh the the approaches that have been mentioned are are things were here today as well um coming back to I think the the question I would say that we primarily proactively look for opportunities and it really starts with what are the Strategic priorities and aims of the therapeutic areas and franchises because we really work in partnership with them and so with the Insight of where the gaps are where the asset and Technology priorities are we're going out and and looking for really the the most promising Innovations um wherever they may originate around the globe so we take a coordinated approach with our colleagues in other regions to find the most breakthrough solution in a particular area in addition to a lot of the the approaches that have already been mentioned I I I've been sharing that we do take this approach of building relationships over the long term and having that be be across academics centers with Venture funds with companies maintaining touch points every quarter if it's too early to partner so that we're monitoring progress and seeing their Readiness to want to engage in a little bit more of a of a conversation and then the last thing I'll mention is as part of our incubation efforts we have 14 incubators under our jlabs brand around the globe three in the region that I lead one in South San Francisco one in La Jolla and then one in Houston and then the remaining kind of peppered around the rest of the country North America Asia and Europe and these are relationships that are call it no strings attached we provide state-of-the-art lab space prototyping space mentorship a window into J J a helping to shape the direction of the science or technology and through that organic relationship that's built partner with companies again when the time when the time is right so that's another element of proactively looking at companies and then engaging with them as the the technology or the asset matures great thank you so maybe back to some tactical questions so the you know a lot of the times the company that folks are reaching out to is very large organization and a big question oftentimes is where's the front door right who who should you reach out to First and sometimes from our point of view we think of well should we go to therapeutic Area Tech you know functional folks or should we go to the bde folks and uh and maybe we get funneled to the right place but usually getting getting to the right first person can be very important any any tips advice or or best practices for uh how to find the the right front door yeah I mean I would say um you've heard that there's you know sort of regional roles as well as a therapeutic area Focus um I'm in this role in the regional role for exactly this reason you only need one door right so if you're based on the West Coast or in Canada or you are involved with a VC or an incubator or accelerator in West Coast or Canada it's me and then I can you know easily triage and and funnel things to wherever it needs to go so we're trying to make it really easy you don't have and to be honest you know our our therapeutic area BD Partners will sometimes change you know they decide okay well I've done enough in oncology now I'm interested in Immunology or whatever so and it's not necessarily easy to find out that that's happened um so the the yeah the easiest thing to do is start with the regional uh heads and and that's your single point of contact and it can remain that way even if the company moves um and yeah yeah we will find the right people the right scientists to get involved with you're welcome to contact our scientists I mean they publish it all the time their emails are you know in in their Publications the the challenge there is that they are not really focused on the partnering process right so um it's not all that effective if you want to get uh like one person to kind of guide you through the whole relationship building it's fine if it's just you know I saw your paper I'm interested in talking to you I mean we're not going to tell you you can't reach out to a scientist that's that'd be great if you did that but if it's specifically about the partnering process the best place to start is is with the BD partner that you know you have the easiest access to it's similar at Medtronic um use LinkedIn go to these these types of events business development is probably one of the best ways you can start or corporate development Medtronic also has a ventures arm you could reach out to we have a portal on medtronic's website you could submit your idea through and it gets funneled to the appropriate BD person within our operating units as well even if for instance if you have a cardiovascular idea you can still reach out to a non-cardiovascular business development person and we can connect you to the right the right individual representing that operating unit so I personally would start with business development you'll probably get the fastest response time as well if you reach out to BD so we actually refer to the four Johnson and Johnson Innovation regions is the four red doors into J J so it's very similar that's the that's why we're here we want to help you navigate the Behemoth of you know these these large companies and even though an opportunity may not be um either regionally focused with a respective team or it might end up being a later stage opportunity that's taken forward by our late stage BD group we're here to help navigate and find you to the right place and our website has a lot of information on it that you can search by region you can search by um you know if you're interested in Strategic investment on the jjdc site I will tell you that when there's something that's inbound we think about it first in terms of the science and the Strategic fit not what the deal structure looks like so we're assessing at you know the most fundamental level so even though your first touch Point might be an investor from jjdc we're going to look at it taking a step back and saying what is it that you're interested in and how might we you know bring something to the table other than our capital and I think having said all of this I would go with where you have the warmest relationship and certainly all of us here on the partnering and BD side this is what we do every day but if you have a scientist or someone in regulatory or someone that you know at the company chances are they're going to navigate to us anyway but it is a nice intro when it's a little bit warmer maybe a couple of quick quick tips if you're reaching out to scientists it's probably best to do that at one of the scientific congresses or conferences that if you're presenting there and if they've seen your work then it's much easier for you to connect with them because what happens then is they reach out to us in business development and say hey I actually saw this talk this is an interesting technology platform can you please help me look into it so kind of you know I've already checked one of the boxes right that BD would typically do if you are reaching out to business development for Genentech it's single Business Development Group so very easy to reach out to us our email addresses on our website if you do reach out please do two things send a non-confidential deck right and write at least one paragraph you want to make the job easier for the other side right in terms of what the technology is why is it useful uh in in what might be Synergy right with with Pharma here so that the business development person can essentially take that and and we have BD people who are scientifically proficient but they deal with hundreds of emails a day right how do you make their lives easier as well so those those two things if you do I think it it has a good chance at least it gets the right assessment great thank you so we'll go uh with a couple last topics here the first one so we'll fast forward to okay we've gone through a process and now you're entering a Alliance Management land uh in the organization and some quick tips maybe for when you get to that stage and is it is it common that it's smooth sailing after that or are there lessons learned that could that could make Things Fall Apart even at those later stages I would say it's as good of a smooth sailing as you go from dating to marriage I guess the there are a lot of things you learn while you're working together and and what you want to do though is you want to find the right partner right kind of you know if you're going through a partnering process you may be talking to three or four different companies you have to recognize that when you do work together your aspirations as a company are going to change the science that you're working on that's going to evolve and who is going to be the right partner over there who values you and what your aspirations as a company are and is going to be flexible enough to go on that Journey with you so those relationships that you build uh during that partnering process is a good biomarker for for what's going to happen once you are once you are in alliances and uh historically we have had companies where we partnered uh when they were very young and and we have had multiple contracts with them over the years so we expanded relationships as their capabilities change and as our capabilities change so you're looking obviously uh always for for that right partner recognizing that whatever you're signing today on that contract it's not going to be the same two or three years from now and then you're not going to be the same company two or three years from now greater so we're almost out of time here so maybe we'll end with a last one that might be um on the Tactical side as well uh for for the times that we're in now so the you know with what's going on in the markets in general in the biotech markets in particular uh has anything changed uh is anything evolving in the way you do deals the way you look at deals or the process um be interesting to hear if there's anything that's specific to the times now or that the direction that things are headed uh moving forward yeah I mean I I think what what I'm seeing changing and I referred to this earlier is um the expectation of the partner company uh you know the smaller company coming in is getting a little more realistic right it's it's leveling out it's not every company's going to build a commercial organization tomorrow um I think that it's it's becoming a little bit easier because the expectations are a little bit more down to earth figuring out what do you bring what to break we bring how do we make this a you know a good a good collaboration versus the the that the peak kind of area a time where everybody thought that the money was just going to keep flowing endlessly and that they were going to be able to build out very very quickly and you know be able to just have endless resources to do their work and so now it's becoming kind of like the way it was before that um and and it's more focused on what does each party bring so I'm seeing that um getting it's easier to partner now frankly yeah I would say Financial solvency of the companies that we partner with has definitely become a factor that we really didn't worry about until last year because the cap access to Capital was so easy and that also influenced as Jennifer is pointing out what kind of deal architectures and structures these companies were looking for so so the way that has changed kind of you know the way we do partnership is at least on a on a couple of uh different deal architectures we're more cautious doing option type deals now because you rely on the partner to take the program up to a particular stage and then you can exercise your option there's no guarantee they're going to have the capital uh or or the capabilities or the resources to continue to take the program up to a particular stage so being very cautious with option deals we're also being very cautious in terms of how much upfront we put on the table versus ensuring that there is going to be access to Capital as the technology platform or the program moves along and we continue to support the company uh as as the technology mature so those two things are definitely changing we're also seeing what happened in the last few years was companies were coming out with series a with hundreds of millions of dollars and 300 to 500 employees uh which but they really didn't have that much that many programs to keep those people employed so companies are going through or downsizing right now so that's also a concern for us in terms of whether they have the right capabilities or whether they'll continue to have the right capabilities to move the programs along so doing due diligence both on the financial side as well as on the capability side and the resources side has definitely become a factor and we also have to be very thoughtful in terms of what are the right deal architectures so that both of us could come out of the the lull that we are in right now and and then the underlying science will continue to evolve yeah I think what I would add is for those of us that have been in this um crazy world of Biotech and biopharm for a few too many decades then I want to count um things are always cyclical and so the cycle that we're in right now is volatile and it there's kind of The Tale of Two Cities like the public the companies that you know had the exuberance of 2021 went public and now they're trading under their IPO prices Capital sufficiency is an issue and so if you're looking for potentially um things on sale a lot of there's a lot to look around for I think you know being more on the early stage Innovation side I was really interested to see a report that McKinsey put out earlier this year on best practices and sourcing Innovation and it points you know to some extent seeing kind of the the trend if you will of deal making and value being created in that early stage and so there's some really interesting data that um I would I would encourage you to look at on you know the top six outperformers of biopharm that really create value and um and do deals early early stage perfect thank you well I'd like to thank our panel for joining us today I think some of them might be around so if you see them take the opportunity to come and chat uh and thank you very much [Applause]